1. The overall image shows the transition from the outer code to the concatenated code. 2. IRA replaces the outer code in RA code with a Low Density Generator Matrix code. 3. Consider that there is a polynomial-time unique decoding algorithm for the outer code . 4. SCCCs typically include an inner code, an outer code , and a linking interleaver. 5. The outer code easily corrects this, since it can handle up to 4 such erasures per block. 6. The Justesen codes are examples of generalized concatenated codes, where the outer code is a Reed Solomon code. 7. A natural concept for a decoding algorithm for concatenated codes is to �rst decode the inner code and then the outer code . 8. Here for the Justesen code, the outer code C _ { out } is chosen to be rate R, 0 R 1. 9. Thanks to the deinterleaving, an erased 28-byte block from the inner code becomes a single erased byte in each of 28 outer code blocks. 10. A fixed rate erasure code, usually with a fairly high rate, is applied as a'pre-code'or'outer code '.